Lighting Methods and Design Requirements
Ⅰ. Lighting Methods
Roadway lighting design should be based on the characteristics of the road and location, as well as the lighting requirements. Conventional lighting fixture arrangements can be categorized into single-sided, double-sided staggered, double-sided symmetrical, centrally symmetrical, and horizontally suspended arrangements. When using conventional lighting, the selection should be based on the road's cross-sectional shape, width, and lighting requirements, and should meet the following requirements:
The luminaire's cantilever length should not exceed 1/4 of the installation height, and the luminaire's elevation angle should not exceed 15°.
When using high-pole lighting, the luminaires, their arrangement, pole mounting position, height, spacing, and the direction of maximum light intensity should meet the following requirements:
1. Planar symmetry, radial symmetry, and asymmetry are three lighting configurations that can be selected based on different requirements. High-mast lights located along wide roads and around large sites should be arranged in a planarly symmetrical configuration. High-mast lights located within sites or at intersections with compact lane layouts should be arranged in a radially symmetrical configuration. High-mast lights located at multi-story, large intersections or intersections with dispersed lane layouts should be arranged asymmetrically.
2. Light poles must not be located in hazardous locations or where maintenance severely obstructs traffic.
3. The angle between the direction of maximum light intensity and the vertical should not exceed 65°.
4. High-mast lights installed in urban areas should be compatible with the environment while meeting lighting functional requirements.
II. Lighting Installation
1. The lighting level at intersections should comply with the standard values for intersection lighting, and the average illuminance within 5 meters of the intersection should not be less than 1/2 of the average illuminance at the intersection.
2. Intersections may utilize light sources with different color schemes, lamps with different shapes, installation heights, or different lighting arrangements than those used on the adjacent roads.
3. Lighting at crossroads may be arranged on one side, staggered, or symmetrically, depending on the specific road conditions. Additional light poles and lamps may be installed at large intersections, and glare should be limited. Where there are large traffic islands, lights may be installed on the islands, or high-mast lighting may be used.
4. T-intersections should have lighting installed at the end of the road.
5. Lighting at roundabouts should fully illuminate the roundabout, traffic islands, and curbs. When conventional lighting is used, lamps should be located on the outer side of the roundabout. When the diameter of the roundabout is large, high pole lights can be installed on the roundabout, and the lighting fixtures and the location of the light poles should be selected based on the principle that the brightness of the roadway is higher than that of the roundabout.
6. Curved sections
(1) For curved sections with a radius of 1 km or more, the lighting can be handled in the same way as for straight sections;
(2) For curved sections with a radius of less than 1 km, the lights should be arranged along the outside of the curve, and the spacing between the lights should be reduced. The spacing should be 50% to 70% of the spacing between lights on straight sections (Figure 5). The smaller the radius, the smaller the spacing should be. The length of the overhang should also be shortened accordingly. On the curved section, the lights should be fixed on one side. When there is a visual obstruction, additional lights can be added on the outside of the curve.
(3) When the road surface of the curved section is wide and the lights need to be arranged on both sides, a symmetrical arrangement should be adopted.
(4) The lights at the bend should not be installed on the extension line of the lights on the straight section.
(5) The lights installed at the sharp bend should provide sufficient lighting for vehicles, curbs, guardrails and adjacent areas. (6) When installing lighting on a ramp, the symmetrical light distribution plane of the lamp parallel to the road axis should be perpendicular to the road surface. In the range of convex vertical curved ramps, the installation spacing of lamps should be reduced, and light-cutting lamps should be used.
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