1. Voltage requirements for LED linear lamps
(1) Common voltage types
The voltage of LED linear lights mainly includes three types: AC220V, DC12V, and DC24V. AC220V is an AC voltage that can be directly connected to the mains for use. It is suitable for situations where voltage requirements are not high, such as some simple outdoor lighting applications. DC12V and DC24V are DC voltages that need to be used in conjunction with switch mode power supplies. They are widely used in indoor lighting and some situations that require high voltage stability. For example, in home decoration, in order to achieve better lighting effects and safety, DC12V or DC24V LED linear lights are often selected and powered by suitable switching power supplies.
(2) Voltage selection and matching
When selecting the voltage for LED linear lamps, it is necessary to determine it based on product specifications and actual usage scenarios. Different LED linear light products may have different voltage requirements, so it is important to carefully read the product manual and understand their rated voltage before purchasing and using. Meanwhile, the size of the power supply also needs to be determined based on the power and connection length of the LED light strip. If the voltage selection is improper, it may cause damage to the lamp beads. For example, never connect DC12V and DC24V to AC220V, otherwise all the light beads will burn out; DC12V cannot be connected to the control power supply of DC24V, otherwise the power will increase by more than twice and it is also easy to burn out the lamp beads.
(3) Common voltage for outdoor engineering
DC24V LED linear lights are commonly used in outdoor engineering. This is because the outdoor environment is complex and requires high voltage stability and safety. DC24V voltage can better meet these needs. For example, in some outdoor landscape lighting projects, using DC24V LED linear lights can ensure stable operation under various weather conditions, while also reducing damage to the lamp beads caused by voltage fluctuations.
2. Current requirements for LED linear lamps
(1) Law of current range
The current required for LED lights varies due to various factors, but generally speaking, there is a certain pattern in the current range. Low power LED lights typically have a working current of around 20mA, while common indicator LED lights may have a current as low as a few milliamps. High power LED lights can have a working current of several hundred milliamps. For example, the rated current of LED lights with different power levels generally varies. The rated working current of LED lights for indicator lights is 5mA, the rated current of low-power LED lights is 20mA, the rated current of 0.5W LED lights is 150mA, the rated current of 1W LED lights is 350mA, and the rated current of 3W LED lights is 700mA.
(2) The difference in current between LED lights of different colors
The required current for LED lights of different colors may vary. White LED lights generally operate with a current of 30-50 milliamps, while red LED lights require relatively less current. The operating current of green LED lights is different from that of white lights. Low power LEDs generally have different voltages, with red and yellow typically ranging from 1.7-2.4V, and white, blue, green, and light typically ranging from 2.8-3.6V. The current passing through the LED is typically 20mA. High power LEDs, commonly used for 1W, typically have a voltage of 3V or 6V and a current of 350mAh. This is because the semiconductor materials and emission principles used in LED lights of different colors are different, resulting in varying current requirements.
(3) Factors affecting current
Forward voltage: The forward voltage of LED lights has a significant impact on current. The higher the forward voltage, the greater the required current may be. For example, the rated voltage (VF) of a regular blue LED is 2.8-3.4V, the rated voltage (VF) of a regular red LED is 1.8-2.4V, and the rated current for normal light emission is generally set at 20mA.
Power adaptation: In practical applications, the power adaptation current should be considered. A constant current power supply can provide stable current for LED lights, while a constant voltage power supply needs to be matched with appropriate resistors to control the current. If the power supply does not match the LED light, it may cause excessive or insufficient current, thereby affecting the lifespan and performance of the LED light.
Series and parallel: The total current of a series LED light group is equal to the current of a single lamp, and the current of a parallel LED light group is the sum of the currents of each branch. When designing the circuit of LED linear lights, it is necessary to choose the appropriate series or parallel connection method according to actual needs to ensure the reasonable distribution of current.
Heat dissipation: Heat dissipation can indirectly affect the current of LED lights. Poor heat dissipation may cause changes in the current of LED lights, as overheating can increase the resistance of LED lights, resulting in a decrease in current. Therefore, when designing LED linear lights, it is necessary to consider a good heat dissipation structure, such as using aluminum alloy shells.
Environmental temperature: Environmental temperature also has an effect on the current of LED lights. When the temperature rises, the LED light current may change. Generally speaking, for every 10 ℃ increase in temperature, the current of LED lights may increase by 5% -10%. Therefore, when using LED linear lamps in high-temperature environments, special attention should be paid to the changes in current to avoid damaging the lamp beads due to excessive current.
(4) The relationship between current, brightness, and safety
The brightness of LED lights is related to the current passing through them, and the higher the current, the higher the brightness of the LED lights. However, excessive current may damage LED lights, so it is necessary to strictly control the current within a safe range. For example, if the rated current of the LED lamp is exceeded, it may cause the lamp beads to overheat severely or even burn out. When designing the circuit of LED linear lights, it is necessary to set reasonable current limits to ensure that the LED lights operate in a safe working state.
(5) Current differences among different packaging forms and brands
The current of LED lights in different packaging forms varies, and the current requirements of surface mount LED lights have their own characteristics, while the current characteristics of direct insertion LED lights are different. The current of LED lights from different brands may also vary, and high-quality LED lights require high current stability. For example, some well-known brands of LED linear lights adopt advanced packaging technology and current control technology, which can ensure the stability and consistency of current, thereby improving the lifespan and performance of LED lights.
(6) The impact of aging on current
The aging of LED lights can also affect their current demand, and the current of LED lights after aging may shift. Therefore, in the process of using LED linear lights, it is necessary to regularly detect the current and promptly detect and handle any abnormal current issues. For example, the current of LED lights can be measured using tools such as a multimeter to ensure that it is within the normal range.
(7) Dimming and Pulse Current
Dimming LED lights achieve dimming by changing the current, and attention should be paid to the range of current changes when dimming. Pulse current can also be used for certain special LED lights, but it is necessary to control the frequency and amplitude of the pulse reasonably to avoid damage to the LED lights. For example, in some stage lighting, dimming LED lights are often used to achieve different lighting effects. By precisely controlling the range of current changes, a smooth transition from dark to bright can be achieved.
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