1. Basic Concepts and Significance of Illumination
(1) Definition of illuminance
Illuminance refers to the luminous flux received per unit area of the illuminated surface, measured in lux (lx). It reflects the brightness of the illuminated surface and is one of the important indicators for measuring lighting effects.
(2) Illumination significance
Appropriate illumination can improve people's work efficiency, visual comfort, and safety. For example, in an office environment, appropriate lighting can reduce eye fatigue and improve employee work efficiency; In the factory workshop, sufficient illumination helps workers operate equipment accurately and avoid safety accidents.
2. Factors affecting the illuminance of LED linear lamps
(1) Lamp parameters
Luminous flux: Luminous flux is the total amount of light emitted by a lamp, measured in lumens (lm). The greater the luminous flux, the stronger the lighting ability of the lamp, and the higher the illuminance generated.
Luminous angle: The luminous angle determines the distribution range of light from the lamp. The smaller the angle of light emission, the higher the concentration of light, and the greater the illuminance in a specific area; On the contrary, the larger the angle of light emission, the more uniform the distribution of light, but the illuminance per unit area will relatively decrease.
Lamp efficiency: Lamp efficiency refers to the ratio of the luminous flux emitted by the lamp to the luminous flux emitted by the light source. The higher the efficiency of the lighting fixture, the more efficient it is in utilizing light and producing higher levels of illumination.
(2) Installation parameters
Installation height: Installation height refers to the distance between the lamp and the illuminated surface. Generally speaking, the higher the installation height, the greater the attenuation of light during propagation, and the lower the illuminance on the illuminated surface; On the contrary, the lower the installation height, the higher the illumination.
Installation spacing: Installation spacing refers to the distance between adjacent lighting fixtures. Excessive installation spacing can lead to uneven illumination on the illuminated surface, resulting in dark areas; The installation spacing is too small, which will increase the number and cost of lamps used.
(3) Environmental factors
Reflectance: The reflectivity of the illuminated surface affects the reflection and scattering of light, thereby affecting the illuminance. The higher the reflectivity, the more light reflected by the illuminated surface, and the higher the illuminance.
Environmental temperature: Environmental temperature can affect the performance and lifespan of LED linear lights, thereby indirectly affecting illumination. Under high temperature conditions,
3. Different calculation methods and steps
(1) Using coefficient method
Determine the parameters of the lighting fixtures, including luminous flux, luminous angle, lighting efficiency, etc.
Determine room parameters: the shape, size, and reflectivity of the illuminated surface of the room.
Calculate utilization factor: Based on the room parameters and the light distribution characteristics of the lighting fixtures, refer to relevant utilization factor tables or use professional lighting design software to calculate the utilization factor.
Determine maintenance factor: Choose an appropriate maintenance factor based on the usage environment and service life of the lighting fixture.
Calculate illuminance: Substitute the above parameters into the illuminance calculation formula to calculate the illuminance on the illuminated surface.
(2) Point by point calculation method
Establish a spatial coordinate system: Determine the position coordinates of each point on the lighting fixture and the illuminated surface.
Calculate the luminous flux contribution of each lamp to each point: Based on the light distribution function and geometric relationship of the lamp, calculate the luminous flux contribution of each lamp to each point on the illuminated surface.
Overlay the luminous flux contributions of each lamp: The luminous flux contributions of all lamps received at each point on the illuminated surface are superimposed to obtain the total luminous flux of that point.
Calculate illuminance: Calculate the illuminance of the point based on the total luminous flux and the area of the illuminated surface.
(3) Unit capacity method
Determine the installation power per unit area: Determine the installation power per unit area based on the functionality, lighting requirements, and relevant standards of the room.
Calculate the total area of the room: Measure the length and width of the room and calculate the total area of the room.
Calculate the total power of the lighting fixtures: Multiply the installed power per unit area by the total area of the room to obtain the total power of the lighting fixtures.
Choose the appropriate number and power of lamps: Select the appropriate number and power of lamps based on their total power and the power of each individual lamp.
4. Precautions during the calculation process
(1) Accurately obtain parameters
When calculating illuminance, it is necessary to accurately obtain parameters such as luminous flux, utilization factor, and maintenance factor of the lighting fixtures. The accuracy of these parameters directly affects the reliability of the calculation results.
(2) Consider environmental changes
In actual usage environments, environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, dust, etc. may change, which can have an impact on the performance and illumination of lighting fixtures. Therefore, a certain margin should be considered in the design to ensure that the illumination can meet the actual needs.
(3) Conduct on-site verification
The calculated illuminance is only a theoretical value, and there may be some deviation between the actual illuminance and the calculated result. Therefore, after the installation of the lighting fixtures is completed, on-site illuminance measurement and verification should be carried out, and adjustments and optimizations should be made according to the actual situation.
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